And of course, there are many new compounds that are being explored and developed to go beyond lutetium-177, PSMA-617 and Lutathera as well. There are multiple other radioisotopes, multiple other vectors, ligands, multiple way to bring a radioisotope to these cells expressing the target we are chasing for. And there are many other targets that have been explored for radiopharmaceutical therapy, but as we have seen this morning, of course, for multiple other cell surface targets, other drugs with different mechanism of action, but still targeted approaches, ADC cell-based therapy and other targeted therapies. Some of these targets you're familiar with companies are screening hundreds and thousands of them, all linked to different biological mechanism that we can chase for.
So what did I do? Two days ago, I tried to go on clinicaltrials.gov. That would be my main source. I look at all the phase-one, -two trials. I started from 2020. And I each time put the radioisotope 177 lutetium and the other main radioisotope we use for therapy. I focus only on therapy and not imaging this time.
This bring us to more than four, 500 trials that I exported in the Excel format. And I play around with the filters. I excluded the classics, the approved Pluvicto and Lutathera basically. And then I did a manual search to see how many of these compounds have linked human data published either in conferences or on public. Approximately 75 potentially are with human data published or public.
I have to say that clinicaltrials.gov is good. That's the reference database we use, but it's not tailored for radiopharmaceutical agents per se and so there are other platforms that try to summarize the data as well. UroToday, more on the GU side, but always a great base. Diagnostics trial from Luke Nordquist that XCancer, they have an amazing website connecting multiple trials, database of radiopharmaceutical and all the agents and the players in the market.
And the Oncidium Foundation, which is a foundation to promote access and awareness to theranostics to patients. They're here. We have Mike Crosby that represent them. There is this little Mister Bind that explain radio theranostics to patients. So please go see them and have this little book.
Here, for example, you have an overview of the main PSMA-targeted therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals that are in development. Most of it are belong to industry players. Just in the poster walls, I just noticed today that there were at least three or four additional ones that are not listed here.
Some interesting new ligands, novel concepts that you may be familiar with. You have this bivalent dual attachment point to the PSMA target. Clarity has one like that, but there are other people doing multimerization like this. You have the classical albumin binder mechanism where you want to increase the circulation time that it doesn't get flushed out right away by the urine expression. But as Germo mentioned yesterday, maybe that's actually a good thing to be created very rapidly. Anyway, there are multiple molecules that are being investigated with that mechanism.
There was one that was quite interesting to me that was presented in Cape Town at TWC. It's called PSMA-591 or 597. It depends on the names. And it seems to have very low salivary gland and kidney uptake, whereas retaining the good tumor uptake.
Another recent data that was recently presented at ASCO GU that I found pretty interesting is the trillium. So it's with an albumin binder, so longer circulation time with actinium and you again are able to generate this very nice wonderful plus of PSA responses. Of course, there's still the toxicity, but I found that new updates very recently presented, very interesting and promising for an actinium compound.
To go beyond the actinium, you have all the more rare and exotic radioisotopes so far, like At-212, it's really coming. I will show some numbers on that. Terbium, Copper-67, astatine. We start to see these images generated. Yesterday we had a great presentation on astatine-211 by Dr. Watabe, and that looks very promising.
So here are the targets that pops out from this Excel shot I search I pulled out from clinicaltrials.gov. So of course it's PSMA mainly, then FAP, SSTR. And then you have all these ones and they all have been into human already and presented in some papers or conferences. So it's hard to select some, but just to show you some names that you may be familiar with.
If you look at the disease types that have been treated or that are being treated, so prostate cancer clearly the first one, neurology tumors. Then there are many trials that look at the basket approach, like any solid tumors to screen for the target-expressing ones. And then you can see that lung cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer are also key ones. There has always been a little bit of hematologic malignancy niche for radioisotope therapy, even after the heritage from Bexxar and Zevalin.
This is maybe small, but that's summarized. This was done with Gemini, so it's a bit small, but that summarized what you get from lutetium-177, actinium-225, which are the two main agent being explored. Then we have Lead-212, astatine, terbium, yttrium, copper-67, iodine, and then others.
And it's hard to, of course, show all these compounds in a 10-minute presentation. You can see here some targets that are of interest on the left side. Again, PSMA, FAP. You have CXCR4, B7-H3, and that was an acronym that came back a lot during the conference. I still wait to see some good imaging data provided so far. GPC3, I will show some PET scan images after that.
I think we're now all waiting for more data using Carbonic anhydrase IX as a therapeutic target for radiopharmaceutical therapy. Mike Hoffman presented at ASCO last year, some first-in-human like that, treatment images that look pretty promising. So we hope to look and see more very soon. But I think CNI remain a very good attractive target for radiopharmaceutical therapy applications, both on the imaging side and therapeutic side as well.
FAP, there has been a lot of hype since 2019. We're using all the FAP imaging agents, the FAPI first generation coming from Heidelberg, which are great for imaging at one hour, but maybe less good for therapeutic purposes because you have a short retention time. But since then, it seems that the field has explored multiple other potential options, multiple other molecules with different mechanism of uptake and different properties. And it seems that now we are able to generate this before after treatment promising images with disease disappearing rapidly on the scan and you can see various compounds that are under development. Of course, it's a non-exhaustive list, but at least some of the potential most promising ones.
And the great thing with theranostics, and this morning we talk about targeted approaches. And we're saying that a screening with imaging is really a key feature that should be included into the development phase for all the other targeted approach. And yes, it's true. When you look into PubMed, you can always find some scans, whole body scan at the whole body level of this target expression into various cancer. So if you look at prostate cancer here, if you look at the image on the left, ACP3, so good pick for the ones who are working on that. You have very low background activity, clear uptake in this lesion, so that looks like a promising compound. And there are many more that are being explored that you may be familiar with. And beyond STR and PSMA and other cancers, multiple other targets being explored, naming GPC3, Nectin-4, ACP3 again, and many more.
And so at UCLA, for example, now we have a huge platform to host all of this trial coming from medical oncology, urology, radiation oncology, nuclear medicine, virus sponsor. So you can see all the studies that are already active and the study that's still in the activation phase, just to show you that growth. That's the perfect transition for the next presentation. This is our clinical research program belonging to the Department of Nuclear Medicine and Theranostic here at UCLA. And so we'll have Stephanie presenting us a little bit how we ramp up our operation scaling to match with this growth of theranostics trials knocking at the door. So with that, thank you very much for your attention.